The Indian SARS-CoV-2 Consortium on Genomics (INSACOG) has revealed that it has detected 771 variants of concerns (VOCs) in a total of 10,787 positive samples of COVID19 shared by states and Union territories.
These include 736 samples positive for viruses of the UK (B.1.1.7) lineage.
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A total of 34 samples were found positive for viruses of the South African (B.1.351) lineage while 1 sample was found positive for viruses of the Brazilian (P.1) lineage.
The samples with these VOCs have been identified in 18 states of the country.
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The Indian SARS-CoV-2 Consortium on Genomics (INSACOG) is a grouping of 10 national laboratories that was established by the Union health ministry on December 25, 2020.
INSACOG has been carrying out genomic sequencing and analysis of circulating COVID19 viruses, and correlating epidemiological trends with genomic variants.
Genomic variants of various viruses are a natural phenomenon and are found in almost all countries.
“Genome sequencing and analysis have been carried out on samples from arriving international travelers, contacts of those positive for VOC and community samples from most of the States at INSACOG partner laboratories which are 10 in number,” said Union health ministry in a statement.
“The analysis of samples from Maharashtra has revealed that compared to December 2020, there has been an increase in the fraction of samples with the E484Q and L452R mutations. Such mutations confer immune escape and increased infectivity,” it said.
These mutations have been found in about 15-20% of samples and do not match any previously catalogued VOCs, the ministry added.
These have been categorized as VOCs but require the same epidemiological and public health response of “increased testing, comprehensive tracking of close contacts, prompt isolation of positive cases & contacts as well as treatment as per National Treatment Protocol” by the States/UTs.
From Kerala, 2032 samples (from all 14 districts) have been sequenced.
“The N440K variant that is associated with immune escape has been found in 123 samples from 11 districts. This variant was earlier found in 33% of samples from Andhra Pradesh, and in 53 of 104 samples from Telangana,” the statement said.
This variant has also been reported from 16 other countries including UK, Denmark, Singapore, Japan and Australia. As of now these can be at best said to be variant under investigation, it said.
Though VOCs and a new double mutant variant have been found in India, these have not been detected in numbers sufficient to either establish or direct relationship or explain the rapid increase in cases in some states.
Genomic sequencing and epidemiological studies are continuing to further analyze the situation, the ministry further said.