IIT Guwahati researchers invent biodegradable low-cost composite wound dressing film

The researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati have invented a Biodegradable low-cost Composite Transparent Wound Dressing Film.

This material, based on the integration of a synthetic polymer, is non-toxic in nature and will create a moist environment that would enable the body to heal on its own through the endogenous enzymes, according to recent research.

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The laboratory-scale development was found to be at least 50 percent economical in comparison with similar commercial materials.

Cotton wool, lint, and gauzes are commonly used wound dressing materials. They are often deployed to manage the wound exudates and accelerate the healing process.

However, a major disadvantage of such materials is with respect to the painful removal exercises that can even damage a healed tissue.

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Further, their opaqueness becomes a critical issue for sensitive wound applications that demand periodic visualization-based analysis and treatment procedures.

The research to address these issues was carried by out a team at the Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Guwahati.

Some of the findings were published in the International peer-reviewed International Journal of Biological Macromolecules by Aritra Das (First Author), Ph.D. Scholar,  Srirupa Bhattacharyya, Doctoral Fellow, IIT Guwahati, Prof. Chandan Das and Prof. Ramagopal V. S. Uppaluri, Faculty in the Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Guwahati.

Several promising features and advantages exist for the polymer-based hydrogel films as novel wound dressing materials.

Low-cost: In addition to their bio-degradability that counters environmental hazards, the mentioned films are easy for people to afford them.

Biocompatible: Prevent any kind of toxicity that counters and hampers the growth of cells, tissues and natural healing processes.

Transparent: To provide wound observation without changing the dressing materials. Further, ease of removal can be addressed due to the controlled moist environment being facilitated by the material. Thus, the transparent film can be easily removed.

Super absorbent: To prevent wound exudate accumulation on the wound surface which may lead to the maceration of the newly generated tissue.

Adequate mechanical characteristics: To provide existence under a huge flow of exudates and the ability to adjust with the shape of the wound to prevent scar formation in due course of healing

Prevention from contamination: Even if the dressing material loses its occlusivity to bacteria after being swollen under the huge flow of exudates, the material would leach a few of its components that facilitate localized antibacterial effect in a hydrolytic environment.

Highlighting the unique aspects of this Research, Aritra Das (First Author), Ph.D. scholar, IIT Guwahati, said, “This invention of IIT Guwahati has the potential to make a huge impact on the field. It emphasizes upon the integration of a synthetic polymer namely polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a natural polymer starch (St) to eventually achieve a low-cost, biodegradable, non-toxic and transparent composite hydrogel.”

IIT Guwahati has created the knowledge framework and associated protocols for successful identification and optimization of polymer hydrogel films for the probable wound dressing applications.

Such customized and effectively designed novel materials provide the necessary hope to address effectively issues such as biodegradability of synthetic polymer-based materials, cost of raw materials and processes, utilization of expensive natural polymers to achieve functional materials, and biocompatibility of developed products, among others. All these are expected to further enrich the on-field applications of polymers in real-world applications.

Explaining how this invention will have an impact in the real world, Prof. Chandan Das, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Guwahati, said, “The product has potential to prevent bacterial invention even after it gets swelled under hydrolytic environment and loses its occlusivity. The steady weight loss characteristics presented by the polymer network provide essential release of the components, especially citric acid which secures the protective barrier. Apart from providing an adequate environment for the growth of the wounded cells, the leached components from the composite as well assist towards the accelerated growth of the healthy cells and tissues.

The laboratory achieved film constitution can be further targeted towards in-vivo characterizations and needful scale-up investigations. The enhancement of PVA-St composite hydrogel film characteristics with malic acid replacing citric acid affirmed even more promising results in terms of both property enhancement as a viable wound dressing film and reduction in the retail cost of the film fabrication.

Prof. Ramagopal V. S. Uppaluri, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Guwahati, said, “The carried-out research has been in an experimental and tabletop research environment that needs furthering studies towards scale up as well as in-vivo analysis (real-world applications). Among these, the scale-up related studies can be addressed after targeting the in-vivo analysis using specimens such as wounded rats.”

The laboratory scale-based retail cost of the optimized CA-based PVA-St composite hydrogel film has been about ? 0.188/cm², which is about 66 percent inexpensive in comparison with similar commercial materials that costs ? 0.565 /cm²

Considering processing costs and probable insights from scale-up studies, the anticipated price of the developed materials is expected to be about 50% or lesser of the commercial price of the mentioned materials. Compared to the CA-based PVA-St composite hydrogel film, the recently invented MA-based similar film has been about 4.56 percent inexpensive.